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git bisect命令使用教程

当代码出现问题,却不知道是哪一次出现了问题,可以使用git bisect命令,来查找哪一次代码提交引入了错误。

bg2018122402.png

通过这个Github代码库的示例,可以动手试一下这个命令的使用过程。

原理

git bisect命令的原理是“二分法”,即,找一个提交历史点和当前提交版本进行比较,该命令会取比较的两个提交点中间版本,看看该版本是好的还是坏的,如果是坏的,说明再前半段就出现了问题;如果是好的,说明在后半段出现问题;不断进行二分查找,确定出现问题的那次提交。

示例

将代码clone到本地开始练习:

$ git clone [email protected]:bradleyboy/bisectercise.git
Cloning into 'bisectercise'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 304, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (304/304), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (206/206), done.
remote: Total 304 (delta 97), reused 304 (delta 97), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (304/304), 29.88 KiB | 527.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (97/97), done.

$ cd bisectercise/

打开目录中的index.html,这是一个计数器,点击+号按钮,可以看到计数器没有递增,反而递减,这说明代码有问题。

接下来查找是哪一次出现了问题。首先,检查一下代码提交历史。

$ git log --pretty=oneline
483ed94b63fe3dd4acd10073e0be30a8af36ac2c (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD) readme
7808b0941eab1e47dbafb123704ac7e289a59143 commit 100
4551242eb13dc392d21338128c775fa3557d0d4e commit 99
37b86f1b64ad8cdb609d3720483603cfd474d65e commit 98
...
4d83cfcbaef648345571d77db867b6f9e4146ba7 commit 1

可以看到,这个库一共有101次提交。最早的第一次提交的哈希是4d83cf。

使用git bisect start命令启动查错,它的格式如下。

$ git bisect start [终点] [起点]

这里从最新一次提交为终点,最早一次提交为起点,如下:

$ git bisect start HEAD 4d83cf
Bisecting: 49 revisions left to test after this (roughly 6 steps)
[b5a131d5eed449db864a36ccc4c367ab28b402ff] commit 51

这样当前位于第51次提交,浏览器刷新测试,发现为正常版本,说明第51次提交是好的,问题出现在第51~100次提交之间,使用git bisect good标记这次是好的,让git从后半段开始查找问题:

$ git bisect good
Bisecting: 24 revisions left to test after this (roughly 5 steps)
[cd592ce62d90de8bfd7df8ae47648aaee3bf9cc0] commit 76

这次位于第76次提交,发现代码是坏的,使用git bisect bad标记一下,说明出现问题的代码在51~76之间,不断重复git bisect goodgit bisect bad标记,直到找到问题。完整调试如下:

$ git bisect start HEAD 4d83cf
Bisecting: 49 revisions left to test after this (roughly 6 steps)
[b5a131d5eed449db864a36ccc4c367ab28b402ff] commit 51

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((b5a131d...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect good
Bisecting: 24 revisions left to test after this (roughly 5 steps)
[cd592ce62d90de8bfd7df8ae47648aaee3bf9cc0] commit 76

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((cd592ce...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect bad
Bisecting: 12 revisions left to test after this (roughly 4 steps)
[4437723ed1ac9a1022311ebb78d3688848a4c9b0] commit 63

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((4437723...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect good
Bisecting: 6 revisions left to test after this (roughly 3 steps)
[54d2dc29e0f23d08c42a2ef16cf20f1145cbe076] commit 69

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((54d2dc2...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect bad
Bisecting: 2 revisions left to test after this (roughly 2 steps)
[68f066184e9c835a0270b904805c608c0b29aa6b] commit 66

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((68f0661...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect bad
Bisecting: 0 revisions left to test after this (roughly 1 step)
[21306f0075a6fcd255f0d6cefa9f1cf0e1c8eddd] commit 65

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((21306f0...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect bad
Bisecting: 0 revisions left to test after this (roughly 0 steps)
[b47892adec22ee3b0330aff37cbc5e695dfb99d6] commit 64

[email protected] MINGW64 /f/bisectercise ((b47892a...)|BISECTING)
$ git bisect bad
b47892adec22ee3b0330aff37cbc5e695dfb99d6 is the first bad commit
commit b47892adec22ee3b0330aff37cbc5e695dfb99d6
Author: Brad Daily <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Dec 22 13:41:36 2018 -0500

    commit 64

:100644 100644 b10625ed4a08e037bd78fa82f8642f86425e794f 43a01abbda2fb4df745fac338636a9d78dab769e M      index.html

最后发现b47892adec22ee3b0330aff37cbc5e695dfb99d6 is the first bad commit,即找到了出现问题的那次提交。

使用git bisect reset退出差错。接下来对代码进行修复就可以了。

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